从奴婢看金代女真人社会形态性质

On the Social Modality Property of Jurchen Race in Jin Dynasty from the Angle of Maidservant

史学界对金代社会性质及其演变的阶段划分一直存在着分歧,问题的症结就在于对女真人本身的社会性质没有进行单独考察。如果以奴婢为视角进行分析判断,金代在世宗朝结束前女真人本身仍旧是奴隶制,只有到章宗朝才开始向封建化转变,而原来辽、宋故地的汉人、渤海人、契丹人则一直都是封建制。换言之,整个金代社会在章宗朝以前是奴隶制和封建制"二元"并存的,最终完成封建的"一元制"是在章宗朝时期。

There has been a controversial problem in historiography field on the social property and evaluative phases division of Jin Dynasty. The sticking point of this problem lies in not examining the social property of Jurchen race individually. From the angle of maidservants who were an important reference target to judge social property, Jin Dynasty had been in slavery system before Shizong. Until Zhangzong＇s period, Jin Dynasty had changed to feudality. The social property of the Han people, Bohai people and Qidan people who lived in Liao Dynasty and Song Dynasty＇s previous region, had been always in feudality. In other words, the dual systems of slavery and feudality had been co-existence in Jin Dynasty until Zhangzong＇s period.