在宗教与世俗之间:从新出吐鲁番文书看高昌国僧尼的社会角色

Between Religion and Secularity:An Observation of Social Role of Monks and Nuns in Gaochang Kingdom Through Newly-discovered Turfan Documents

本文以新出吐鲁番文书《道翼遗书》为中心,结合其他文书资料,探讨了高昌国的僧俗关系及高昌国僧众的社会角色。结论认为,高昌国的僧俗关系应当是互利共存关系,僧俗两界的利益得到有机的协调。由于高昌国僧尼基本没有脱离世俗亲缘关系的纽带,所以高昌国僧尼的社会身份是双重的。因而高昌国僧尼的社会角色也始终呈现出两面性:既有宗教的一面,又有世俗的一面,游离于宗教与世俗之间是高昌国僧尼的基本生活形态。

This paper focus on 'the last words of Dao Yi(道翼)',a newly-discovered Turfan document,combining with other Turfan documental materials,probes into the relationship between sacerdotal society and secular society in Gaochang Kingdom,and the social role of sacerdotal people in Gaochang Kingdom.It concludes as below:the relationship between sacerdotal society and secular society in Gaochang Kingdom is that of mutual benefit and coexistence;the benefits between sacerdotal society and secular society would be harmonized organically in Gaochang Kingdom;due to the sacerdotal people in Gaochang Kingdom didn't basically disengage the tache of secular kindred,the social status of both monks and nuns in Gaochang Kingdom has a double character;therefore,the social role of the sacerdotal people in Gaochang Kingdom has all along a two-faced character:taking both on religious side and on secular side,and cruising between religion and secularity should be the basic life modality of the sacerdotal people in Gaochang Kingdom.