“为人心的黑暗而哭泣”——解读《蝇王》中的互文性密码

Weeping for the Darkness of Man's Heart——Deciphering the Codes of Intertextuality in Lord of the Flies

威廉姆.戈尔丁的《蝇王》是一部糅合了大量异质文本编码的小说。它引入基督教文明的魔王概念和圣徒意象以突出小说中的邪恶与善良的对立争斗。它借鉴了英国文学中的荒岛文学传统,然而却彻底颠覆了经典荒岛文学作品《鲁滨逊漂流记》与《珊瑚岛》所隐含的乐观主义色彩。为了传达对所处的时代的批判、扩大文本的社会维度,戈尔丁还在《蝇王》中融入了诸如第二次世界大战、核威胁、集权统治等发生在20世纪的真实历史事实作为小说的前文本。通过互文性的方式,《蝇王》指涉广阔的社会文化文本网络,体现了作者戈尔丁对整个人类文明的普世关怀,呼吁着人们对人性中所潜伏的邪恶保持警醒的态度。

WiUiam Golding＇ s Lord of the Flies is a novel embedded with codes from other texts. It borrows from the Bible the image of Beelzebub and that of the Christ so as to set forth the dichotomy between evil and virtue. It makes use of the longstanding British tradition of island literature, but only with the purpose to mock the optimism represented in the famous island novels such as Robinson Crusoe and The Coral Island. In order to convey his criticism against his time and broaden the text＇ s social dimension, Golding also integrates into the novel the historical events of the early half of the 20th century such as WWII, the nuclear threat and the totalitarian reign. Through the technique of intertextuality, Lord of the Flies is closely connected with a much larger social and cultural network, reflecting Golding＇ s universal concern over the fate of civilization and calling us to keep alert to the evil side in human nature.