挣扎在欲望与救赎之间——论西方人性观的演变

Struggle Between Desire and Atonement——Evolve on Human Nature of Western Culture

西方文化中的人性观在其发展过程中形成了几个不同的精神维度。古希腊文化张扬个性,放纵原欲,肯定人的世俗生活和个体生命价值,展示了人的自然欲求;基督教文化用爱的感召来消除人性罪恶,对于人性完美的追求建筑在忏悔和禁欲基础上,专注于彼岸的价值,在"原罪"与"救赎"中寻求生命的终极意义,展示了人的形上欲求;人文主义崇尚理智和怀疑批判的精神,反抗一切权威,既强调人的本能欲望与意志自由,又呼唤精神彼岸对于人的意义的提升,体现了人的理性欲求;以存在主义为代表的非理性主义哲学则看到人性的异化,以虚无和荒诞来界定人的存在并重新踏上人类灵魂救赎之途,同样蕴涵着人性关怀和反思的精神。不同精神维度的延伸与错综,展示了由生命意识的统一和谐与分裂冲突所体现的人类自我灵魂的挣扎,支撑起了西方文化中的人性空间。

About human nature, there are some different spirit dimensions in western culture. Ancient Greek civilization publicizes individuality and indulges lust, affirms common customs and individual life worth, exhibits the natural desire. Christian religions applies the movement of love to eliminate human evil, builds perfect human nature on the basis of the asceticism and repent, concentrates its attention on religion ultimate, pursue ultimate meaning of humanity between sin and repent, showing the philosophy desire. Humanism upholds intellect and critique, resists all authority, emphasizes not only instinct and free of one＇s will but also calls on the improvement of humanity significance, embodying the rational desire. Non - rationalism represented by the existentialism sees humanity through nihility and absurd, displays the human alienation and turn over a new way to rescue man＇s soul struggle and different desires and the unity and split of life consciousness, sustaining the human nature space of western culture.