地震油藏地质研究及其在大港滩海地区的应用

Seismic reservoir geology research and its application in Dagang offshore area

针对滩海地区油藏评价阶段"井点少,以地震资料为主,面向水平井、大斜度井开发需要"的特点和要求,提出地震油藏地质研究的思路、方法和技术,其涉及的内容包括地震地层划分对比、地震构造精细解释、地震沉积相研究、地震储层预测、地震油藏流体识别以及油气分布的不均一性研究。以地震沉积学的原理及方法为指导,以单井相分析为基础,将地震高阶信息应用于沉积相平面分析;利用地层切片技术在地震数据体中提取等时地层单元信息,结合各种地震属性参数的分布研究不同地层单元的沉积相分布及其演化史。在对储集层特征进行重构基础上的随机模拟地震反演是储层表征与预测的有效方法。地震油藏地质研究的主要目的是揭示油藏的非均质性及油气分布的不均一性,进而较准确地评价油藏。实现这一目的的关键一方面是依据地质模式减少地震信息的多解性和提高地震信息的纵向分辨率;二是探索如何将地震信息与测井、录井、地质等多种信息真正融合起来,综合分析和解决地质问题。通过大港滩海地区地震油藏地质研究,发现研究区油气分布的不均一现象,这对认识复杂油藏具有重要意义。

Aiming at the following characteristics of the oil evaluation research in offshore area, i. e. , the sparseness of wells, the seismic data being the dominant data, and the request of horizontal well and high angle deviated well, we developed the concept, the method and the technology of ＂seismic reservoir geology research＂. The contents of the research include the seismic strata correlation, seismic structure interpretation, seismic facies, seismic reservoir prediction, seismic fluid identification and the heterogeneity of oil and gas distribution. Under the guidance of the principle and method of seismic sedimentology, we analyze the planar facies map with seismic information based on single-well facies, fetch the information of isochronal stratum unit with the technology of stratal slicing, and research on the planar facies distribution and the evolution history of different stratum unit using various seismic attributes. The stochastic inversion based on reservoir attribute recomposition is an effective method for reservoir characterization and prediction. The main purpose of the seismic reservoir geology research is to reveal the heterogeneity of oil and gas distribution and to evaluate the reservoir more precisely. The key points of the seismic reservoir geology research include two aspects： （1） decreasing the ambiguity of seismic information with the guidance of geology principle and improving the resolution of seismic information; （2） exploring the way to integrate the information of borehole logging, geology and seismic data, and to make multidisciplinary analysis of geological problem. Through the seismic reservoir geology research in the offshore area of Dagang, the heterogeneity of oil and gas distribution in the research area was revealed. It is of important significance in complicated reservoir research.