户外空气中可吸入颗粒物对出生体重的影响

The influence of inhalable PM10 in outdoor air on birth weight of the newborn

目的研究空气污染物可吸入颗粒物(PM10)对新生儿出生体重的影响。方法利用某地所有助产机构的2003～2005年围产保健数据和2002～2005年该地区各空气污染监测点监测的每日可吸入颗粒物(PM10)浓度数据,根据末次月经和分娩日期计算每位产妇孕期暴露于可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的水平,从而分析孕期接触可吸入颗粒物(PM10)对新生儿出生体重的影响。结果不同的胎儿性别、母亲年龄、母亲职业、母亲原地址、孕期高危情况、孕次分组间出生体重有显著性差异;在不同孕期,<67.6μg/m3、67.6～162.4μg/m3和>162.4μg/m3的3个可吸入颗粒物(PM10)暴露组间出生体重有显著性差异。多元线性回归分析显示,可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的浓度每增加10μg/m3,新生儿出生体重会减少2.2～2.7g。结论影响新生儿出生体重的因素有很多,其中户外空气中较高可吸入颗粒物(PM10)污染是一个重要因素,与新生儿低出生体重有关。

Objective To investigate influence of inhalable particulate matter ≤ 10μm in aerodynamic size （PM10） in outdoor air on birth weight of the newborn. Methods Utilizing perinatal health data in all obstetric institutions of one district of Guangzhou city from 2003 ～ 2005 and concentration data of inhalable particulate matter ≤ 10μm （PM10）per day from monitoring spots in the same district from 2002 ～ 2005, PM10 exposure level per day of the pregnant women during each trimester of pregnancy was calculated according to her last menstrual period（LMP） and birth date of the newborn, and then the influence of PM10 on birth weight of the newborn was estimated. Results There were significant differences in birth weight between the different subgroups of fetal sex, maternal age, maternal occupation, and maternal original address, high risk factors during pregnancy and gravidity. In different trimesters of pregnancy, there were significant differences in birth weight between different groups of different exposure levels of PM10 （ 〈 67.6μg/m^3, 67.6 ～ 162.4 μg/m^3 and 〉 162.4μg/m^3 ）. Multiple linear regression analysis shown that each increase of 10μg/m^3 in concentration of inhalable PM10 during early and middle trimesters of pregnancy could cause a reduction of about 2.2 ～ 2.7g in birth weight. Conclusion Many factors can affect birth weight of the newborn, and high concentration of inhalable PM10 in outdoor air is one of most important factors, and it is related to low birth weight of the newborn.