美国康复咨询职业发展(英文)

The Development of Profession of Rehabilitation Counseling in the United States

本文概述康复咨询职业在美国的发展。它最早在政府部门扮演一个为身体伤残人提供简单的职业建议和指导的角色。今天它已经发展成为一个复杂的行业,要求从业者具备职业和残疾的知识、心理测试和评定、就业相关的法律知识,当然还包括咨询技巧。专业化的硕士学位课程将为从业者提供相关知识和技能的学习。早期的就业机会主要局限在公共和政府机构,现在已经扩展到公共、社区和私营康复机构,以及教育和学术机构。尽管这一职业的发展带有美国特色,但它的职业技能和训练方法也能为其他文化所利用。

This article describes the development of the rehabilitation counseling profession in the United States. Early roles as a government agent providing simple vocational advice and guidance to individuals with physical injuries grew into a complex professional role. That role now demands knowledge of occupations, disability issues, psychological testing and evaluation, legal issues related to employment as well as personal counseling skills. Specialized university educational programs at the master＇s degree level now prepare individuals for this profession. While early employment tended to be exclusively with public and government agencies, current rehabilitation counselors work in a variety of public, community, and private rehabilitation agencies as well as in educational and school settings. While a uniquely American profession in development, the skills and training of this profession may have application to other cultures as well.