论农产品的国家性建构及其成效--国家整合视角下的“统购统销”与“瞒产私分”

On the National Construction of Agricultural Products and Its Effects:"State Monopoly For Purchase and Marketing" and "Sharing Out in Private the Portion of Harvest Concealed" in the Perspective of National Integration

20世纪50年代,国家得以将一个有着亿万分散农户的乡土社会整合到国家体系中来,在相当程度依靠对农产品资源的支配。通过"统购统销"政策,赋予以粮食为主的农产品以国家特性,推动着经济社会权力向国家高度集中,强化农民对国家的认同,农民作为生产者不再是农产品的主权者。但是,农民以"瞒产私分"等方式表达自己的利益要求。这种"无权者的抵制"促使国家政策的改变。由本文也可进一步把握中国农村改革的起源与动力机制。

Since the 1950s the state was able to integrate the rural society with hundreds of millions of scattered rural households into the state system largely through the control of agricultural product resources. The policy of ＂state monopoly for purchase and marketing＂ gave the agricultural products, mainly grains, a national characteristic, promoted a high concentration of economic and social power in the state authorities and enhanced the peasants＇ identification with the state, As a result, the peasants as producers were no longer the owners of products. But they expressed their interest claim by ＂sharing out in private the portion of harvest concealed. ＂ This ＂boycott from the powerless＂ helped bring about a change in the national policy. From here we can further understand the origin and driving mechanism of the rural reform in China.