我国古代人性论的心理学诠释

Psychological Annotations of the Theory of Human Nature in Ancient China

长时期来,对我国古代人性论思想的研究,一般是从哲学或伦理学的角度立论,其内容也局限在人性善恶的来源问题。文章则与此研究传统不一样,即改为从现代心理学的角度立论,其研究内容除保留人性善恶论外,还讨论了另外四个重要问题:一是人性地位论,通过就人贵论、人本论和天人论的考察,较充分地论证了人性的崇高地位。二是人性本质论,概括为生性论、习性论和心性论,揭示了人的自然本性、社会本性与心理本性。三是人性构成论,从类型论、因素论和结构论三个角度,对人性的构成进行了分析。四是人性发展论,归纳为气禀论、习染论、性习论与修身论四个论题,对影响人性发展的种种因素作了全面考察,扩展并提升了我国古代人性论思想研究的广度与深度。

For a long time, with regard to the theories of human nature in ancient times of China, scholars have presented their viewpoints or arguments generally from the angle of philosophy or ethics, and they have focused on the sources of good and bad human nature. Unlike this traditional research perspective, this paper sets forth the writer＇ s views from the angle of modern psychology. In addition to a discussion of the theory of good and bad human nature, the paper explores the following four major issues. The first issue is concerned with the status of human nature. The paper fully proves the noble status of human nature through an investigation of the theory that human beings are most valuable and of the theory that Heaven and man are integrated as one. The second issue is related to the theory of the essence of human nature, which is summarized as the theory of man＇ s physiological, habitual, and psychological traits. The paper reveals man＇ s natural, social and psychological nature. The third issue concerns the theory of composition of human nature. The paper provides an analysis of the composition of human nature from the three angles of the types, factors and structures that characterize human nature. The forth issue is about the development of human nature. The paper investigates the various factors that affect the development of human nature. In short, this paper expands and elevates the width and depth of the researches available on the theories of human nature in ancient times of China.