法律职业的形成及其条件--一种制度史考察

Formation of Law Profession and Its Condition

法律职业在古罗马时代开始萌芽,在中世纪后期的英国开始形成。在13世纪的英国,随着法律与宗教和政治的逐步分离,一批掌握法律知识和技能的职业律师开始在法律实务中获得不可替代的地位,律师公会掌控了从知识灌输、技能训练到执业资格授予的法律职业。现代意义上法律职业的形成与发展决定于法律作为科学学科地位的获得、法学理论教育模式的选择和法律形式主义运动的深入。法律职业始终是一个关涉社会历史的条件性概念和命运性术语,它以社会发展演化中的经济、政治、文化等因素为条件;同时,法律职业既是法律制度的重要构成部分,也深刻影响着法律理论和制度实践。

The law profession was germinated in the time of ancient Rome,and came into formation in UK in the late middle ages.In Britain in the 13th century,with the separation of law,religion and politics,some professional lawyers with law knowledge and skills became irreplaceable in law practice,and the lawyer association took control of the law profession such as knowledge engrafting,skill training and qualification rectification.In the modern sense,the formation of law profession depends on the acquisition of law as a science course,the mode option of law theory education and the movement of law formalism.Law profession is always a conditional concept and fate term relating to social history,on the condition of the factors of economy,politics,and culture and so on in the evolution of social development;at the same time,the law profession is an important part of law system while deeply influencing the law theory and the system practice.