评价性标记语探微

Investigations into Self-assessment Markers

评价性标记语是人们日常言语交际中经常使用的一种言语现象,属于语用标记语的类典型之一。评价性标记语是"语法化"的结果,其语用标记性具有"主观化"特征。一个语言成分的语法化意味着其实义虚化,语用意义不断丰富,这两种意义的规约化程度具有不均衡性、不对称性和动态发展的特征。评价性标记语在言语交际中主要表达说话人主观上对事体结果/结局的评价态度、意向等,是交际主体"自我意识"的彰显。评价性标记语在句法构造层面体现了人类认知客观事体的一般规律和特点,即突显背景中的认知图形—语用信息。

Self-assessment markers are a widely used language phenomenon in people＇s verbal communication. They are one of the prototypes of pragmatic markers. Self-assessment marker is the product of grammaticalization and its meaning is characterized by subjectivization. The grammaticalization of a linguistic element means the weakening of its conceptual meaning and enrichment of its pragmatic meanings, and the conventionalization degree of their meanings are characterized by unproportionateness, asymmetry and dynamic development. Self-assessment marker mainly expresses the assessment attitudes of a speaker towards the result or consequence of an event in interactional communication, representing his/her subjective intentions which usually have obvious tendency. It embodies the “self-awareness” of the speaker. It is used in communication as the manifestation of the speaker＇s “self-awareness”. From the perspective of syntactic construction, self-assessment marker represents the general rules and features of human cognition of the objective beings, ie. making the cognitive figure（pragmatic information） in the backtzround prominent.