清末“开民智”思想内涵新探

A New Explanation of the meaning of Developing people's wisdom in late Qing Dynasty

"开民智"思想在清末为社会广泛认同,其含义相当复杂。在研究较多关注清末由民族危机引发的学习现代科技的需求,忽视了对构成这一名词本身两个字——民和智——在当时社会的具体含义的探讨。本文通过对当时思想界关于"民"的主体资格及"智"的内涵的分析,指出当时思想界从最初的将"智"的内涵界定为科技到逐渐纳入政教,并逐渐尝试超越技术科政教的角度,从价值角度探讨强国的新路。

＂Developing people＇ s wisdom＂ was one of the most influential thoughts from late Qing Danasty to early Republic of China. The meanings of ithis thoughts is very complicated, most former scholars focus on the nation＇ s aspiration for modem science and technology, while this article shows another side, based on the semantic analysis of the word s people （min） and wisdom （zhi） , showing that there exists other aspects-it＇ s political and moral aspiration of some leading thinkers like Yanfu and Liang Qichao.