集约化养殖畜禽粪便农用对土壤次生盐渍化的影响评估

Risk of Soil Salinisation by Application of Concentrated Animal Manures

针对畜禽粪便中盐分残留问题，在江苏省采集分析了180个粪便样品，通过基于GIS的空间分析与基于土壤盐分累积模型的模拟预测，评估了粪便农用对土壤次生盐渍化的潜在影响.结果表明，江苏省目前畜禽粪便中盐分含量较高，最高（以干粪计）达24.2 g·kg^-1；南通、盐城、连云港等沿海地区与徐州、宿迁、淮安等徐淮地区为畜禽粪便农用造成土壤次生盐渍化的高风险区；施用畜禽粪便对露天种植的土壤次生盐渍化没有显著影响，而对温室土壤影响较大，在畜禽粪便盐分含量较高（以干粪计，24.2 g·kg^-1），中、高施肥量条件下[以干粪计，65-100 t/（hm^2·a）]，施用纯有机肥2-8 a温室土壤盐分含量增加1.0-2.5g·kg^-1，土壤可达轻度、中度甚至强度盐渍化土程度.

The salt content in 180 samples of concentrated animal manures collected in Jiangsu Province was analyzed and the risk of soil salinisation by the application of manures was evaluated by the methods of spatial analysis on GIS and simulating prediction on the accumulation model of salt in soil. The salt content in animal manures was high, with the highest value of 24.2 g·kg^-1 （dry weight）. The risk of potential soil salinisation might exist in the coastal region such as Nantong, Yancheng, Lianyungang and the Xuhuai region such as Xuzhou, Suqian, Huaian with the application of animal manures. There was nearly no risk of salinisation by the application of animal manures on the open-field soil, but was obvious influence on the greenhouse soil, the salt content in the greenhouse soil increased by 1. 0 - 2.5 g·kg^-1 after 65 - 100 t · （hm^2 · a）^-1 dry animal manure with the salt content of 24.2 g·kg^-1 was applied for 2 - 8 a, which might cause mild, moderate or strong soil salinisation.