空头支票法律效力探析

On the Law Effect of Bad Check

我国现行票据立法有多个条款涉及空头支票的法律效力,但条款内部存在着表述不明确、不合法理或难以执行等问题。空头支票自身的票据效力可与其空头问题独立;空头支票的出票人依法应承担票据责任,同时还应当承担民事、行政甚至刑事法律责任;空头支票的背书人应与出票人承担连带票据责任,但一般情况下不能承担连带民事责任;空头支票的付款人不承担票据法上当然的付款义务,可以超出合同义务为由而拒绝付款;空头支票的持票人依法享有票据权利和民事赔偿的请求权。建议对我国《票据法》第87条、国务院《票据管理实施办法》第31条以及最高人民法院《关于审理票据纠纷案件若干问题的规定》第73条等条文的相关内容进行适当修改,以完善我国票据立法。

The Chinese current bill legislation has several terms involving the effect of bad check, but the questions exist inside such as a term does not make clear, does not conform to the legal principle or is hard to execute, etc. The effect of bad check can be independent with its ＂ bad＂ questiono According to law, the drawer of bad check should undertake the bill duty, and still undertake civil and administrational even criminal law duty; the endorser of bad check should undertake the related bill duty with drawer, but should not undertake the related civil duty under the general situation; the payer of bad check should not undertake the certain payment duty in the bill law, and should refuse to pay money for the cause of transcending the contract duty; the holder of bad check should enjoy the right of bill and the right of asking for civil compensation. In order to perfect our bill legislation, I suggest revising the concerned terms of China＂Commercial Instrument Law ＂ 87th, the State Council ＂Bill Manage Implement Method＂ 31st, and the Supreme People＇s Court ＂Regulation of Several Questions about Trying Bill Dispute Cases ＂ 73rd.