30例特发性肺纤维化的临床特征分析

Clinical analysis of 30 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

目的探讨特发性肺纤维化（IPF）的临床特征与诊断方法。方法对30例IPF患者临床表现、胸部高分辨CT（HRCT）、肺功能检查进行回顾性分析。结果30例IPF患者临床表现为咳嗽、进行性呼吸困难和Velcro音。胸部高分辨CT表现为磨玻璃样、网状、结节状、条索状及蜂窝状阴影。肺功能检查示24例限制性通气功能障碍，6例混合性通气功能障碍，均有弥散功能障碍。动脉血气分析示低氧血症。结论对长期咳嗽伴有呼吸困难的患者，及时行胸部高分辨CT、肺功能、动脉血气分析及肺活检，能对本病做出正确的诊断。

Objective To improve the cognition for the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF） by summarizing its clinical features. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on 30 cases of IPF. Results All the patients had an insidious onset of progressive dyspnea and nonproductive cough. Most of patients had finger clubbing and Velcro rale. HRCT exhibited glassy, reticular, nodular, stripe and alveolate lesions. All the cases put up diffuse dysfunction by lung function examinations, and 24 of them had restrictive ventilation dysfunction and 6 of them had combined ventilation dysfunction. Arterial blood gas analysis indicated hypoxemia. Conclusion It is necessary to perform examinations such as HRCT, pulmonary function, arterial blood gas analysis and lung biopsy on patients with chronic cough and dyspnea to right diagnose IPF.