全球麻疹消除的意义与发展现状

Significance and Development Status of Measles Elimination in Global

麻疹疫苗虽然已经使用了40余年,但麻疹仍是引起儿童死亡和其他严重疾病的主要原因。麻疹引起的并发症几乎存在于人体的每个器官。其中,肺炎、喉炎及脑炎是造成死亡的最常见原因。近年麻疹并发症的发生率有所升高,病死率虽在许多发达国家已经下降,但在发展中国家仍然很高。世界卫生组织美洲区以提高常规免疫接种率辅以初始强化免疫和后续免疫,使麻疹发病例数大幅减少,从而阻断了麻疹病毒的传播。欧洲区也确定了消除麻疹的目标。而在全球,即使已有麻疹疫苗的今天,全球每年仍有新发病例4300万,死亡人数100万。在发展中国家,麻疹是儿童的主要死因。

Although measles vaccine has been used for over 40 years, measles is still the main cause of children death and any other severe diseases. The complications induced by measles almost exist in every organ of the body, among which pneumonia, laryngitis, encephalitis are the most common causes resulting in death. Recently, incidence rate of complication in measles is increasing, the case fatality is still high in china although it has decresed in developed country. Incidence rate of measles had been decreased greatly by improving common immunization rate accompanied by initial mass immunization and follow-up immunization in American area of WHO. The objective eliminating measles also had been designed in Europe area of WHO. Although measles vaccine can be gotten in the global at present,new cases with measles are about 430 million per year, and about one million died per year. In the developing country, measles is still the main cause of children death.