游客密度对动物园中黇鹿行为的影响

Effects of visitor density on the behaviors of Dama dama in zoo

2006年9月20日—10月10日,以江苏省扬州市茱萸湾公园半散放黇鹿为研究对象,采用目标动物取样法和全事件记录法,研究了不同游客密度条件下黇鹿日行为时间分配,并探讨了游客密度对黇鹿日活动的影响。结果表明:在游客高峰期与低峰期,雄性取食、观望行为,雌性观望以及幼鹿取食、观望和修饰行为之间均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。在游客低峰期,雄性与雌性取食、反刍、卧息行为,雄性与幼鹿观望、其它行为,雌性与幼鹿取食、卧息、观望均存在极显著差异(P<0.01);在游客高峰期,雄性与雌性取食、卧息,雌性与幼鹿取食、卧息、观望及移动行为均差异极显著(P<0.01),雄性和幼鹿观望行为差异显著(P<0.05)。不同游客密度条件下游客活动对黇鹿的取食、观望具有显著影响,当游客密度达到6人·min-1以上时,雄性观望行为显著增加,当达到16人.min-1以上时,雄性取食行为差异极显著(P<0.01),此时雌性和幼鹿观望行为差异亦达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。因此,在旅游管理中,应将游客密度限制在16人·min-1以下,以减少对黇鹿日活动影响。

By using the methods of focal-animal sampling and all-occurrence recording, the behavior time budget of Dama dama and the effects of visitor density on Dama dama behaviors were studied in the Zhuyuwan Zoo of Yanyzhou City, Jiangsu Province from September 20 to October 10, 2006. The results showed that the eating and observing behaviors of male, observing behavior of female, and eating, observing and decorating behaviors of young deer were significantly different when the visitor density was high or low. When the visitor density was low, significant differences were observed between male and female in their eating, ruminating and resting behaviors, between male and young in their observing and other behaviors, and between female and young in their eating, resting and observing behaviors. When the visitor density was high, there were significant differences between male and female in their eating and resting behaviors, between female and young in their eating, resting and locomotion behaviors, and between male and young in their observing behavior. Visitor＇ s activities under different visitor densities had significant effects on the eating and observing behaviors of Dama dama. The male＇ s observing behavior increased significantly when the visitor density reached 6 per minute. The eating behavior of male and the observing behavior of female and young had significant differences when the visitor density reached 16 per minute. It was suggested that to decrease the interference of visitors on the daily activities of Dama dama, the visitor density should be controlled at the level of 〈 16 per minute.