中国主要含砷矿产资源的区域分布与砷污染问题

Regional distribution of arsenic contained minerals and arsenic pollution in China

本文分析了我国主要含砷矿资源的区域分布及其开采所带来的环境污染问题。截至2003年底,我国累计探明砷矿资源储量为397.7万t,保有储量279.6万t,其中87.1%的保有储量以共生、伴生砷矿形式存在。砷矿资源分布相对集中于广西、云南、湖南,三省的保有储量占全国保有储量的58.0%;其中广西南丹县和云南个旧市的保有储量最大,分别占全国总保有储量的17.0%和10.2%。我国已经有大量的砷随矿产资源的开采而带至环境中。截至2003年底,全国砷采出量至少高达139.2万t,其中广西、云南、湖南采出量最大,分别达73.3、34.2和15.3万t。在矿产采冶过程中,采出的砷有70%弃留于尾矿中。矿业活动释放的砷已通过土壤及食物链途径威胁到人体健康,尤其是在矿冶活动密集的西南地区问题更加突出。

Arsenic reserves, mineral resources distribution and arsenic mining induced environmental pollution in China were analyzed. The known arsenic reserves were 3977 kt, and preserved reserves were 2796 kt,of which 87.1% existed in paragenetic or associated ores up to the end of 2003. The total arsenic preserved reserves owned by the provinces including Guangxi, Yunnan and Hunan accounted for 58.0% of the country＇s total reserves. Moreover, the arsenic preserved reserves in Nandan County, Guangxi Province and Gejiu County, Yunnan province accounted for 17.0% and 10.2% of the total reserves in China, respectively. Large amount of arsenic had been released to the environment in the process of mining and utilizing ore deposits. Up to 2003, the mined amount of arsenic reached 1392 kt in China. The exploited quantity of arsenic in Guangxi, Yunnan and Hunan provinces was 733,342 and 153 kt, respectively, so the environmental arsenic pollution in those areas was at high risk. The amount of arsenic discharged in the form of mining tailings accounted for about 70% of the total mined. A lot of arsenic pollution events had shown that the arsenic sources released from mining, smelting, and processing threatened people＇s health through contaminated soils, foods and atmosphere. Furthermore, the arsenic calamities often took place in Southwest China where there were rich arsenic resources and intense mining activities.