大麦DNA导入小麦引起叶耳颜色变异的遗传学初步观察

Preliminary Observation on Inheritance of Auricle and Ligule Colour Variance of Wheat by Introduction of Barley DNA

将二棱大麦（叶舌、叶耳红色）ＤＮＡ通过花粉管途径导入小麦品种“百农３２１７”（叶舌、叶耳无色），获得叶耳、叶舌颜色红色的变异植株。观察其后代（Ｔ２、Ｔ３＊），以及“百农３２１７×叶耳红色Ｔ４株”杂交的Ｆ２。结果表明，变异植株的叶舌、叶耳红色性状表现单基因显性遗传，同时也发现，普通小麦叶舌、叶耳红色性状遗传非一对基因控制（导入处理产生的红色∶无色＝３∶１是叶舌叶耳遗传的一个特例），颜色深浅还有数量基因的累加效应，并且一定环境条件（稀植、低温）可诱导叶舌、叶耳红色表现。

Variant plants with red ligule and auricle were obtained by introduction of two rowed barley DNA into a common wheat Bainong 3217 with colourless ligule and auricle.The result showed that red character of ligule and auricle presented single gene heredity by observating the segragation of ligule and aurile colour in the generation of T 2,T 3 and F 2 of Bainong 3217×red auricle T 4.It was also found that red auricle and ligule heredity in wheat (T.aestivum)is controlled by more than one pair of gene. The additive effect of quantitative gene had influence on the shade of the colour,and some environment facts such as thickness of sowing,low temperature could induce red auricle and ligule. The ratio of 3∶1 of red to colourlessness in ligule and auricle of wheat is a special case on the inheritance.