苏南农民工社会保障的实证研究

Analyses on Social Security of the Laborers——from the Rural Areas in South Jiangsu

苏南农民工社会保障虽略好于江苏全省情况,但仍存在不少问题。苏南民工就业劳动合同签订率低,大部分农民工未参加任何社会保险,参加医疗、养老、工伤、失业、生育和综合保险的人数比例低。苏南农民工主要就业于私营、个体和股份制企业,就业于集体、国有企业的也有一定的比例。农民工平均工作时间长,而月收入仅相当于本地居民平均收入的60-80%。其原因,除了劳动力过剩、城乡两元体系和关系网络外,主要是由于农民工受教育程度低,工会组织不健全等。

Problems do exist though the situation of social security for the workers from the Rural Areas in Southern Jiangsu is better than the general situation in the rest parts in the Province. Very few of the laborers have employment contracts signed with their employers while most of them have no social insurance at all. The proportion is very low for those who have medical insurance, pension fund, industrial injury insurance, unemployment insurance, fertility and other multiple insurances. The laborers in Southern Jiangsu are mainly employed by private enterprises, individuals and limited companies and enterprises. Some of them work for collective organizations or national enterprises. Their holidays are less than three days on average per month and their working time are 58 hours per week. We call these phenomena two extremes. Their monthly income occupies only 60 - 80% of that for the local residents. The reasons for their low insurance and the violation of their basic rights and interests are the current labor surplus situation, the two different systems for the urban and the rural and their weak social network. But the most important reasons are their lack of education and the absence or incompletion of labor union.