海湾型潮汐通道中大型深水港开发的水沙问题研究

Study on hydrodynamic and sedimentation problems in development of harbors located at inlet of tidal bay

正在建设中的我国钢铁基地曹妃甸的前沿深槽属于典型的海湾型潮汐通道,潮流在深槽内基本为东西向的往复流,是维持深槽水深的主要动力;其泥沙的运动受波浪与潮流共同作用,风浪掀沙作用对含沙量场影响明显。针对这类海湾型潮汐通道的波浪、潮流、泥沙及海床演变的特点,建立了波流共同作用下的二维泥沙数学模型,并进行了2006年冬、夏季大小潮潮流、泥沙的验证。验证结果表明,本海域潮位及15条同步垂线流速、流向、含沙量过程的计算值与实测值吻合良好,矿石码头港池前沿计算的冲淤厚度及其分布趋势与实测值接近。在此基础上,研究了曹妃甸深水港开发引起甸头以南深槽、老龙沟深槽、各港池的流速变化及港池航道内的回淤和台风暴潮引起的骤淤等问题,为论证沿海潮汐通道的保护利用以及港口工业的发展等提供依据。

The Caofeidian harbor for the new tidal bay having deep tideway. The cyclic gigantic steel enterprise in China is located at the inlet of tidal flow is the major dynamic force for maintaining the stability of the way and the sediment in flow is always under the combining action of waves and tidal flow. The disturbance effect of wave may significantly affect the sediment distribution in flow. A 2-D mathematical model for flow and sediment transport considering the actions of wave, tidal flow as well as the sediment and evolution of river bed for this kind of tidal bay having deep tideway is established. The validity of the model is verified by the observation data obtained in 2006 including the tidal flow and sediment distribution in the vicinity of the harbor. On this basis, the probable change of tideway and variation of flow velocity field in bay as well as the problems of re-silting and sudden silting due to typhoon in the development process of harbor are further investigated.