干旱半干旱地区湖泊二维水动力学模型

Two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for lakes in arid and semi-arid area

为研究干旱半干旱地区湖泊水动力学的特殊性,本文以位于我国北方河套灌区中的草型浅水湖泊乌梁素海为研究对象,将实测的湖泊流量、流速、水深监测数据与空间数据结合,以湖泊水平面二维水动力学模型为基础,考虑旱区特殊的水文气象因素,主要包括蒸发与风速,建立适合旱区湖泊水动力学的模型。模型求解采用有限差分法中的交错格点显式差分法,利用人为控制入口、出口边界,并在模型的参数选择上采用实测的气象资料进行逐日输入,从而提高了模型结果的精确度。经实测资料验证表明,所建模型对于干旱半干旱地区将蒸发、风力因素考虑进模型中是合理的,能够更准确地描述该地区中湖泊的水动力过程,可应用于对湖泊污染过程水质变化的定量研究。

The characteristics of hydrometeorology in arid and semi-arid area, especially the factors of evaporation and wind velocity, are considered to establish a 2-D hydrodynamic model for lakes in these areas. The model is calculated by using interlaced cells apparent difference method of FEM. The boundary conditions are given by field examination. The preferences of the model are input according to the daily data of weather. The application to the calculation for Wuliangsuhai Lake shows that the proposed model can accurately describe the hydrodynamic process of the lake.