源深流漫 百川汇融——从多重文化视角看中国传统多声歌唱艺术的传承与发展

The Historical Development of Chinese Traditional Poly-voice Singing Art:A Multi-cultural point of View

远古的"大混唱"和先秦的"和声而歌"等群体歌唱活动体现了多声特点;汉唐以来进一步形成了和歌的多重旋律与节奏变化、"一倡众和"、即兴发挥的特征;宋元以来戏曲音乐中的多声歌唱延续了"即兴"特征。受西方文化中心论影响,中国传统多声歌唱艺术过去被视为陈旧与落后的象征,如今却因各民族传统艺术的不同特点、文化品格和学术价值等,日趋受到国际学术界的关注,譬如全国青歌赛中原生态、组合唱法的出现,对这一珍贵文化遗产的保护、传承和弘扬具有重要意义。从多重视角探讨传统多声歌唱艺术的传承轨迹与特点,对挖掘传统音乐资源、凸现中国音乐民族特征和个性价值具有深远意义。

The findings show that from ancient times to Pre-Qing Dynasty, mixed sounds were the characteristic of group singing. And in Han and Tang dynasties there appeared the xianghe song pattern with polyrhythm, poly-melody, yi-chang-bai-he （ which means when one starts singing, all the others join in） and improvisation. In Song and Yuan dynasties, improvisation was inherited and applied to the opera music. The Chinese art of singing with multi-voice was considered Stale. However, different features, different cultural and academic value of every nation＇s traditional art have gradually drawn researchers＇ attentions at home and abroad, e.g. Original Singing Method and Mix Singing Method have emerged in the national youth singer competition. It is significant to protect, inherit and develop rich cultural heritage. This paper, from multi-point of view, attempts to discuss the history and characteristic of multi-voice singing art, in order to explore traditional music resources and unique features of Chinese music.