汉语失语患者方位介词加工的初步探察

A study of processing characteristics of locative prepositions in patients with Chinese aphasia

目的观察和分析汉语失语症患者方位介词的加工特点,为脑卒中后汉语失语患者的临床康复治疗提供一定理论依据。方法选取20例汉语失语患者(病例组)以及20例正常受试者(对照组)作为研究对象,分别进行方位介词的复述、听理解、填词、视空间功能以及短时记忆检测,比较2组各项得分情况,分析其间的差异。结果与对照组相比,病例组在方位介词的复述、理解以及填词任务的完成均存在障碍;对单个方位介词以及介词短语的复述成绩优于句中介词,前两者的复述成绩较对照组稍差,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);句中方位介词的复述、理解存在明显障碍,均较对照组差(P<0.05)。复述测试中主要表现为目标词省略错误。2组患者视空间功能评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。病例组短时记忆明显受损,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论汉语失语患者存在方位介词加工障碍。句中方位介词的复述较方位介词短语、单个方位介词的复述更困难,这可能与短时记忆障碍以及该类词在句法中的角色功能有关。我们在进行语言康复训练时,应制定针对性的康复计划。

Objective To investigate the processing characteristics of locative prepositions in patients with Chinese aphasia, and to provide the theoretical evidence for the rehabilitation of aphasia. Methods Twenty aphasic patients caused by left-hemisphere stroke and twenty matched normal controls were studied. Using the locative preposition repeating task （ single words, locative preposition phrases and words in sentences） , the comprehension task, filling-gap task, the visual-spatial function task and the short-term memory task, we compared the performance be- tween these two groups. Results The aphasic patients had more difficulty in repeating locative prepositions in sentences, in comprehension task and filling-gap task, their short term memory was impaired. Both groups did well in repeating single words and phrases. Conclusion The processing of locative prepositions was impaired in Chinese aphasies. The repetition of locative prepositions was more difficult than that of phrases and single words. The prepositions were often omitted. It might be due to the impairment of their short-term memory, or it might have something to do with role they played in the syntactic structure. The latter might also impact the comprehension and filling-gap score. We should make plans before rehabilitation therapy.