中国银行业改革——成就、问题和挑战

China's Banking Reform: Achievements,Issues and Challenges

中国银行体系采取了一系列的改革措施:依靠银行结构调整通过不良贷款注销,为国有商业银行进行资本加注以及实现上市计划;逐步开放金融市场,加强金融规范和监管,努力提高公司管理效率和透明度。虽然财产质量在改变资本结构的银行中改善了,但仍有新的不良贷款增加的风险。为了回应面临的挑战,中国银行体系需要采取以下战略:调整商业银行的结构,建立健全的管理机制,完善运营模式和管理模式,提高银行系统透明度水平。

The Chinese banking system which is described as massive government intervention, poor asset quality and low capitalization has started a reform process relied on bank structuring via the write-off of nonperforming loans, enormous state financial input for capital replenishment in four state-owned commercial banks as well as listing schemes; financial liberalization with the opening-up to foreign competition and strengthened financial regulation and supervision combined with efforts to improve corporate governance and transparency. Although the asset quality in the recapitalized banks has improved, there is still a high risk that the newly nonperforming loans are built up again. As a result of government capital injections, capitalization has increased in the huge state-owned commercial banks. However, the profitability of these banks has decreased even further. The strategies that can be utilized by Chinese banks in response to China＇s huge financial needs to maintain high economic growth and its commitment to fully open up its banking system to foreign competition are as follows, the adjustment of commercial banks＇ structure, the establishment of sound management mechanisms, setting up a legal system with international standards and raising the level of transparency in the banking system.