油菜菌核病抗性鉴定方法的比较及抗源的筛选

Comparison of methods for identification of resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and screening of resistant materials in rapeseed

采用已报道的七种油菜菌核病抗性鉴定方法,在同一条件下对两个感病和两个抗病品种进行鉴定比较。结果表明:草酸浸根(叶)法用于白菜型油菜鉴定效果不好;不同生育期的油菜对菌核病抗性有差异,应该以花期鉴定为主,苗期鉴定为辅;在花期以麦粒叶腋接种、琼脂块叶腋接种和牙签茎杆接种,接种后发病程度依次为牙签>麦粒>琼脂块;三种花期接种方法与大田接种鉴定的结果呈显著正相关(r>0.8000),这三种方法均能有效反映抗、感品种的差异,其中花期牙签茎杆接种法与大田接种鉴定法相关性达极显著水平(r=0.9140)。根据抗性鉴定方法比较的结果,选用花期牙签茎杆接种法,以中油821为对照,对四川农业大学油菜研究中心G1自交系的44份油菜育种材料进行鉴定、筛选,得到12份高抗材料,其中有5份材料的抗性极显著高于对照。

Seven methods for identification of resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were compared with two susceptible and two resistant rapeseed varieties under the same conditions for their effectiveness in the resistance identification of rapeseed. The results indicated that the method of dipping root （ or leaf） into oxalic acid solution was not suitable for resistance identification of Brassica rapa L. It was suggested that the resistance identification be done during flowering period and seedling identification was used only as supplement as the resistance to S. sclerotiorum was different at the different growth stages. In three inoculation methods, inoculating infected wheat grain to leaf axil, mycelium agar disk to leaf axil and infected toothpick to stem, the disease severity in the varieties tested were toothpicks 〉 wheat grains 〉 agar disks. The results of the three methods were significantly correlated with field inoculation identification （ r 〉 0. 8000）. The three methods during flowering period could well represent varieties＇ resistance and susceptibility. Especially, the correlation between toothpick inoculation and field inoculation was highly significant （r = 0. 9140）. Forty-four breeding materials which were provided by the Rapeseed Research Center of Sichuan Agricultural University, were tested with the toothpick method. The results showed that there were 12 high resistant materials, and among them resistance of 5 materials was much higher than control variety.