高等教育全球化的挑战——学术研究者视野中的德国博洛尼亚进程

The challenge of globalization in higher education——Germany within the "Bologna Process" from the perspective of an academic researcher

"博洛尼亚进程"是29个欧洲国家的教育部长于1999年在意大利博洛尼亚提出的欧洲高等教育改革计划,旨在保证欧洲高等教育的质量,建立统一的欧洲高等教育体系。为了应对高等教育全球化的挑战以及适应工业社会向知识社会转变的形势,德国大学围绕提高高等教育的质量推行了一系列改革措施,建立了新的质量保证和质量管理体系,调整了新的公共管理策略;重组了整个课程体系,革新教学观念和教学方式,实现了从以教师为中心到以学生为中心的教学方式和学习方式的转变;开展大学教师教学发展项目,提升大学教师的教学能力。

＂Bologna Process＂ is the European Higher Education Reform Plan which was put forward in 1999 by the 29 European ministers of culture, science and education in Bologna of Italy. It aims at the guarantee of quality of European higher education and the estab- lishment of European Area of Higher Education. In order to confront the challenge of globalization in higher education and adapt to the ongoing transformation from industrialisation to a knowledge-based society. German universities take a series of reform measures to improve the teaching quality of higher education. Firstly, universities have started to establish new systems of quality insurance and quality management and adapt strategies of new public management. Secondly, universities restructure the whole curricular system, and innovate the educational approach through the shift from a teachercentre to a student centre. Thirdly, universities set down the academic staff teaching development program to stimulate academic staff teaching competence.