《马氏文通》字类划分标准辨正

Character-categorization of Ma's Grammar(Ma Shi Wen Tong)

说《马氏文通》划分字类的标准是"词汇意义"是不妥的,《马氏文通》是依据字的"语法意义"划分字类的。它所运用的划分字类的标准,被后来人继承并加以完善。它所建立的汉语词类系统,包括实字五类:名字、代字、静字、动字、状字;虚字四类:介字、连字、助字、叹字,大体上是合理的,发展到现在,除了把"字"改为"词"和做一些局部的小调整外,并没有多少大的变化。

It is quite inappropriate to categorize characters of Ma＇s Grammar （Ma Ski Wen Tong） according to their lexical meaning. In fact the words of Ma＇sGrammar （Ma Shi Wen Tong） are categorized in accordance with their grammatical meaning. This standard of word-categorization is passed down to later generations and further improved. The whole word-categorization system has witnessed few changes except minor partial adjustment.