ET_0计算公式的最新进展与普适性评估

Recent development and universality evaluation of ET_0 calculation formulas

通过对ET0计算公式研究进展的总结,分析了在世界上三个时期比较有代表性的计算蒸发腾发量(ET0)的主要公式:修正Penman(MP)公式、Penman-Monteith(PM)公式及标准ASCE-PM公式;以20世纪90年代末期和21世纪初期世界上最新的19个用Lysimeter实验值率定ET0计算值的实验成果为基础,对于不同气候条件下ET0计算方法的普适性分析评估认为:虽PM公式应用效果较好的地区较多,但也有不少地区效果欠佳,MP等公式在一部分地区较好,PM与MP公式并非普适性的,要特别关注标准ASCE-PM公式,总之,这类半理论(半经验)公式均有一定的地区性。仅通过MP、PM公式的计算比较,不能简单地评定哪种公式最优或哪种公式计算ET0值大(或值小),应针对不同地理及气候条件,要经Lysimeter的实验结果才能进行率定比较。文中也对今后研究提出相应建议,有助于ET0计算公式学科的深入研究。

This article, through summarizing the progresses in the evapotranspiration （ETo） methods research, analyzes rep- resentative ETo computation methods emphasized on three periods of the world ： modificative Penman （MP）, Penman-Monteith （PM） and standard ASCE-PM. We take 20th century 90＇s last stages and 21th century initial period＇s world newest 19 exper- imental achievements with lysimeter＇s actual value rating ETo value as the foundations, analyzing general usage of the ETo computational method regarding the different climatic conditions. Although the effect of PM method application is desirable in many areas, many local effects are still unsatisfactory ; the method MP and so on are more suitable in part of areas; the PM and MP method are not popular, the special attention must be paid to the standard ASCE-PM method. In brief, these kinds of half theory （semi-empirical） methods only suit in certain areas. By comparison of MP and PM method, we can＇t simply evalu- ate which kind of method is superior or which kind of method calculates the ETo value big （or value is small）, and we should consider different geography, the climatic conditions and lysimeter experimental result. In the article, there is also corresponding suggestion for the research in the future, which is helpful to the thorough research of ETo method discipline.