都市制造还是都市创造——以北京制造业为例

Made or Created?——A Case Study of Manufacturing in Beijing

研究都市产业结构不仅有较强的理论意义,也为实践所急需。文章在比较国内外都市产业研究的基础上,认为国内学者更重视通过历史归纳与比较研究确定都市主导产业。经过对北京市制造业历史数据的分析发现,虽然从产值与销售数量等角度,北京市制造业确实有产业集中的趋势,但就业、利润的分布规律却正好相反,显示北京市制造业从增长质量和增长动力正在向较多的产业类别蔓延。空间与企业寿命分布显示,产业的分散化来源于新兴企业的进入。从可持续发展角度,做强重于做大。因此,对都市产业,创造重于制造,对产值与主导产业的关注应转移到对区域创新环境的培育上来。

Industry structure of key cities is not only a scholars＇ question, but also urgently needed by local government. With comparison between domestic and outside researches, we conclude that domestic scholars place more importance on how to figure out main industries in key cities. However, based on the study of manufacturing in Beijing, we find out that with output and sales figures, manufacturing in Beijing are centralizing, but employment and profit figures quite the other way, which means manufacturing in Beijing is spreading to broader industries scale. According to its distribution and life, the reason of the spreading is the rise of new companies. From point of sustainable development, competition power is more important than scale, creativity is more important than manufacturing capacity, therefore the attention attracted to output and main industry should be shifted to the cultivation of regional innovation environment.