粉煤灰高吸水复合材料的表征及其释钾性能

Characteristic and kalium-releasing performance of fly ash superabsorbent polymer composite material

采用溶液聚合法首次合成的粉煤灰/聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水复合材料,吸蒸馏水、自来水、生理盐水倍率达到并超过了国家'863'项目技术指标,成本比纯高分子吸水树脂低。粉煤灰复合到高吸水材料之后,其中的钾离子释放8.70%,使得此复合材料同时具有释钾的功能。释钾机理即是粉煤灰中的K2O与体系中的丙烯酸发生了中和反应。X-衍射分析说明复合材料中粉煤灰的主要晶体结构没有变化;红外光谱分析较深入地研究了此材料的结构和成分;扫描电镜分析表明粉煤灰与高分子基体没有开裂,复合效果良好。

Fly ash/polyacrylic acid-acrylamide （PAA） superabsorbent polymer composite material was firstly prepared by means of solution polymerization. The composite material can absorb distilled water, tap water and 0. 9% NaCl solution. Absorbing rate is higher than the requirement of the National 863 Program and the cost is less than that by pure macromolecule superabsorbent polymer. K^ ＋ releasing rate is 8. 70% when fly ash is mixed into superabsorbent polymer so that the composite material has the performance of release kalium. The mechanism of release kalium is that K2O in the fly ash has neutralization reaction with acrylic acid. X-ray diffraction shows that the main crystal structure of fly ash in composite material is not changed. The structure and composition of this material were studied by infrared spectrum analysis. Scan electron microscope illuminates that the fly ash is compounded well with macromolecule polymer and there is no evident split between fly ash and macromolecule polymer.