小麦×玉米杂交诱导小麦单倍体的割穗离体培养研究

Study on the in vitro Culture of Cut Plant in Wheat Haploid Embryo Induction by Wheat × Maize Cross

为进一步建立和完善简易高效的小麦×玉米杂交诱导小麦单倍体技术,以2个小麦杂种F1和2个玉米品种为材料,对小麦×玉米杂交中杂交穗割穗离体培养与田间自然生长的单倍体胚诱导效果、授粉后不同割穗时间和不同培养液配方对得胚率的影响进行了研究。结果表明,杂交穗离体培养的得胚率比田间自然生长高2倍,两者的得胚率分别为31.6%和9.6%;割穗培养的最佳时期为授粉后24 h;不同的穗培养液配方对颖果结实率和得胚率均有明显影响,在培养基中添加磷酸二氢钾有利于提高颖果结实率和得胚率。因此,小麦×玉米杂交后24 h割穗,杂交穗在含有100 mg/L 2,4-D,40 g/L蔗糖,10 mg/L硝酸银,8 mL/L亚硫酸和3 g/L磷酸二氢钾的培养液中培养,单倍体胚诱导效果最好。

In order to perfect theprotocols of haploid induction by wheat × maize crosses, comparison on haploid embryo inducing efficiency between in vitro culture of cut plant and intact plant growing in the field was conducted with 2 wheat F1 hybrids and 2 maize varieties, and the effects of cutting plant at different time and the formula of nutrient solution for culture of cut plant on the induction of haploid embryo were also studied. The embryo rate of in vitro culture was 2-fold higher than that of intact plant growing in the field, with the figures of 31.6% vs 9.6%, respectively. The optimal time for plant cut was at 24 h after pollination, and the formula of nutrient solution for plant culture did affect the efficiencys of haploid embryo inducing significantly, with embryo rate of 0-35.5%, adding calcium phosphate in cut plant culture solution at 3 g/L could raise the caryopsis and embryo rates. The pollinated cut plant, cultured in solution with 100 mg/L 2,4-D, 40 g/L sucrose, 10 mg/L silver nitrate, 8 ml/L sulfurous acid and 3 g/L calcium phosphate, produced the highest embryo rate, higher and more stable caryopsis rate.