氮肥运筹对不同茬口强筋小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization Strategy on Grain Yield and Quality of Strong Gluten Wheat in Different Cropping Systems

为了探讨不同茬口下施氮对强筋小麦籽粒产量和品质的最佳效应，以强筋小麦品种烟农19号为材料，研究了施氮量和追氮时期对不同茬口小麦籽粒产量及品质的影响。结果表明，施氮量和追氮时期对不同茬口下强筋小麦的籽粒产量和品质均有显著的影响。在0～240kg／ha施氮量范围内烟农19号单位面积穗数、每穗粒数和产量随施氮量的增加而显著提高，且旱茬麦产量极显著高于稻茬麦，主要是提高了每穗粒数和千粒重。小麦籽粒蛋白质和面筋含量、沉淀值均随施氮量的增加而显著增加，旱茬麦的品质显著优于稻茬麦。在两种茬口下，烟农19号籽粒产量、蛋白质产量与施氮量均成二次曲线关系，稻茬麦在施氮量为251．26～280．24kg／ha、旱茬麦在施氮量为281．03～303．02kg／ha范围内籽粒产量和蛋白质产量可达到同步提高。拔节期和孕穗期追施氮肥可有效提高单位面积穗数、每穗粒数和产量，且籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋含量和沉淀值显著提高。本试验条件下，旱茬麦在拔节期至孕穗期、稻茬麦在孕穗期追施氮肥可同步提高强筋小麦籽粒产量和品质.

Nitrogen fertilization is a key factor regulating wheat grain yield and quality formation, it is very important to establish a suitable nitrogen management strategy based on cultivar and soil for high yield and superior quality wheat production. Two field experiments were conducted using a strong gluten wheat Yannong 19 to investigate the effects of nitrogen rates and dressing date on grain yield and quality under dryland wheat and rice-wheat cropping systems. The results showed that nitrogen rate and cropping system significantly affected grain yield and quality. Within the rate of 0-240 kg N/ha, grain yield, the number of spikes and grains per spike enhanced with increasing of nitrogen rate under two cropping systems, but grain yield was significantly higher under dryland-wheat due to higher grains per spike and 1000-grain weight than under rice-wheat. Grain protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen rate,grain quality was much better under dryland-wheat system. Under the two cropping systems, grain yield, protein yield of Yannong 19 presented the quadratic curve with increase of nitrogen rate, which indicated that grain yield and quality could be synchronously improved within the nitrogen rate of 281.03-303.02 kg/ha for dryland-wheat and 251.26-280.24 kg/ha for rice-wheat. Further more,grain yield, spikes and grains per spike were enhanced in nitrogen dressing at jointing and booting stage, and grain protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value were obviously improved. Nitrogen dressing date from iointing to booting stage for dryland-wheat and at booting stage for rice-wheat were suitable to synchronously improve yield and quality of strong gluten wheat. The above results suggest that increasing nitrogen rate and selecting optional dressing date based on different cropping system are key techniques to increase grain yield and quality in strong gluten wheat.