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不同形态氮素对弱筋小麦籽粒淀粉积累及其相关酶活性的影响 被引量:9

Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms on Grain Starch Accumulation and the Activities of Related Enzymes in Weak Gluten Wheat
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摘要 为给弱筋小麦优质高产高效栽培的合理氮肥运筹提供理论依据,在大田条件下研究了3种形态的氮素(酰胺态氮、铵态氮和硝态氮)对弱筋小麦豫麦50籽粒淀粉合成及其相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,施铵态氮能增加灌浆中后期籽粒总淀粉和支链淀粉积累量,保持较高的籽粒总淀粉和支链淀粉积累速率,而施酰胺态氮籽粒直链淀粉积累量和积累速率较高。施铵态氮有利于提高成熟期籽粒总淀粉、支链淀粉含量和支/直比例,而施酰胺态氮提高了直链淀粉含量。施硝态氮对小麦籽粒淀粉积累的调控效应介于施铵态氮和施酰胺态氮之间。施铵态氮和施硝态氮后旗叶蔗糖合成酶(SS)和灌浆中后期蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性高,灌浆中后期籽粒蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性、籽粒蔗糖含量、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)活性高,束缚态淀粉合成酶(GBSS)活性低,而施酰胺态氮则表现出相反的趋势。施硝态氮的旗叶蔗糖含量始终最低;与施酰胺态氮相比,施铵态氮旗叶蔗糖含量灌浆前中期低,而后期高。说明施铵态氮旗叶蔗糖合成能力强,源器官蔗糖向库运输迅速,籽粒库中糖源供应充足。因此,生产上可以通过改变氮素形态调节淀粉合成酶活性,进而调控淀粉的合成与积累。 A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different nitrogen forms on grain starch formation and the related enzymes activities in weak gluten wheat variety Yumai50. The experiments was carried out on the farm of Henan University of Science and Technology during 2005 -2006. Three different nitrogen forms were NH2-N(NH2CONH2), NH4-N (NH4 HCO3) and NO3-N (NaNO3). The results showed that the accumulation of total starch and amylopectin and its accumulation rates were increased by NH4-N application in middle and late stage of grain filling, but that of amylose was higher under NH2-N application. The total starch, amylopectin content and ratio of amylopectin to amylose were enhanced by NH4-N application at maturing stage, where the amylose con- tent was increased by NH2-N application. The effects of NO3-N application on starch accumulation was the second among the three nitrogen forms. Sucrose synthase(SS) activity during grain filling stage and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) activity in middle and late stage of grain filling in flag leaves were improved with NH4-N and NO3-N application. The activities of SS, SSS (soluble starch synthase) and sucrose content in grains were raised, but the GBSS activity (granule-bounded starch synthase) was decreased in the middle and late stage of grain filling by the NH4-N application and NO3-N application. The effects of NH2-N Application was opposite to NH4-N. Compared to the sucrose content with NH2-N application, which with NH4-N application was lower in early and middle stage of grain filling, but that was higher in late period of grain filling, and the the sucrose content with NO3-N application was lowest in the whole filling stage. The above results indicated that the flag leaf maintained stronger capacity for translating and synthesizing of sucrose and the sucrose in grains was sufficient with NH4-N application.
出处 《麦类作物学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2008年第1期118-123,共6页 Journal of Triticeae Crops
基金 国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2004BA520A-06) 河南科技大学青年基金项目(2007QN003)
关键词 弱筋小麦 氮素形态 淀粉积累 酶活性 Weak gluten wheat Nitrogen forms Starch accumulation Enzyme activity
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