批判恩斯特·布洛赫的“马克思主义”乌托邦

A Critique of Ernst Bloch’s "Marxist" Utopia

乌托邦社会的物质产品最大化必然要无限制地掠夺自然资源和能源,然而资源是有限的,对能源的无尽开采又会产生无法消除的污染,这些都会加速人类和地球的毁灭,因而恩斯特·布洛赫式的乌托邦是不可能的。与布洛赫勾勒的"积极闲暇的人间天堂"相反,人类自古就已达到了人性可能达到的高度,人性从来都是具有两面性的。

Hans Jonas believes that a utopian society will plunder the natural resources and energy due to the maximum use of material goods. Resources are limited, and the endless exploitation of them will result in incurable pollution. All these will contribute to the destruction of man and the earth. Therefore Marxist utopia can not be realized. Different from ＂new earth and new heaven＂ described by Ernst Bloch, the idea of Hans Jonas is that man has already reached the highest level of humanity since ancient time. Humanity has two facets. Utopia is unnecessary from the historical perspective.