苏联持不同政见者运动的历史教训

THE HISTORICAL LESSONS FROM THE DISSIDENT MOVEMENT IN THE SOVIET UNION

伴随勃列日涅夫执政始终,直到戈尔巴乔夫改革前夕才告结束的苏联持不同政见者运动,它的参加者大部分是一些具有创新思想和敢于讲真话的人。他们看到苏联社会主义体制的弊端和社会弊病,希望通过民主化、公开性、言论自由来维护宪法赋予公民的权利,克服社会发展中出现的矛盾,建立一个多元化的社会,然而苏联党和政府却对大部分同自己执政理念并不矛盾的行为严加限制和打击,结果非但没能解决持不同政见者运动反映出的深层问题,反倒使持不同政见者运动久拖不决,为苏联解体和苏共丧失执政地位埋下了祸根。

The dissident movement in Soviet Union, which lasted through Leonid Ilieh Brezhnev＇s reign and which came to an end before Gorbaehov＇ s reform, involved many who were creative and courageous to speak the truth. They discerned the disadvantages and social maladies of Soviet＇ s socialist system ; hoped to maintain citizens＇ power endowed by the Constitution by means of democracy, publicity and speech freedom; to overcome the contradictions in social development and to build a pluralistic society. However, the party and the government of Soviet Union sternly restricted and struck actions which were not contradictory to its administrative concept. As a result, the deep problems in the dissident movement and the movement itseff were not settled, which sowed the seeds for the disintegration of Soviet Union and the loss of its governing position.