1Putnam,R.D. (1996).The strange disappearance of civic America. American Prospect, 24,34-48.
2Stamm.K,Emig,A.,and Hesse,M. (1997).The contribution of local media to communit y involvement Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 74( 1 ) ,97-107.
3Norris p. ( 1996 ) .Does televisionerode social? A reply o Putnam.Political Science and Politics, 29,474-480.
4Kraut,R,M.Patterson, V.Lundmark,S.Kiesler,et al. ( 1998).Internet Paradox: A Socia 1 Technology that Reduce Social Involvement and Psychological Well-being? American Psychologist53 ( 9 ) : 1017-1031.
5LaRose,R.,M.S.Eastin,and Gregg. ( 2001 ).Reformulating the Internet Paradox:Soc a I Congnitive Explanations of lnternet Use and Depression.Journal of Online Behavior, 1 ( 2 ).
6Katz,J.E., R.E.Rice,and P.Aspden. ( 2001 ).The Internet, 1995-2000:Access, Civic In volvement, and ,Social Interaction.American Behavioral Scientist,45(3):405-419.
7Shah, D, V, N.Kwak, and R.L.Holbert. ( 2001 ).Connecting and Disconnecting with CivicI fe:Patterns of Internet Use and the Production of Social Capital Political Communication, 18( 2 ):141-162.
8Wellman.B..A.O.Haase.J.Witte.et al. (2001).Does the Internet increase, decrease,or supplement social capital? Social networks,participation,and community commitment .The American Behavioral Scientist.45 (3):436-445.
