从自治到保甲：乡制重构中的历史回归问题--以20世纪三四十年代两湖乡村社会为范围

From Autonomy to the Bao-Jia System:the Question of the Historical Restoration in the Re-constitution of the Systems of Countryside——On the Sphere of Huguang's Country Society in 1930's and 1940's

在20世纪之初的中国乡制变革中,由自治取代保甲和以复兴保甲来推进自治这一看似回旋的历史过程,深深地烙印着传统皇族国家与社会结构崩解后,近代民族国家与社会结构重建的复杂性和探索性特征。以传统与现代力量都很突出的两湖地区乡村社会为范围,考察乡制变革中现代自治与传统保甲体制由替代到融通的历史变异过程,可以充分展示乡村社会变迁的实况和解析其制度性回归传统的历史因由,并深刻揭示在"保甲—自治—保甲"的诡论式表象趋势中,串结着的深层历史主题。

The historical course of circling back and forth by appearance on the self-government instead of the Bao-Jia system and its restoration was deeply influenced by the complicated re-constitution of the national country and the structure of society after the traditional imperial China collapsed in the changes of village systems at the beginning of the twentieth century. The article discloses the real facts and the deep historical topic of transformation of folks＇ systems and its restoration to the traditional systems and of its self-contradictory formula of Bao-Jia to autonomy to Bao-Jia Systems by investigating the modern autonomy and traditional Bao-Jia systems melting in the whole different course in the sphere of Huguang＇ s country society in the 30th and 40th of the twentieth century.