生物有机肥对土壤理化、生物性状和木薯生长的影响

Effects of Bio-Organic Fertilizer on the Growth of Cassava and the Physical and Chemical Biological Character of Soil

生物有机肥是一种集化肥和有机肥优点为一体的新型肥料，本研究探讨生物有机肥对土壤理化、生物性状和木薯生长发育的影响。试验于2004-2005年以木薯品种辐选01为材料，每公顷分别用生物有机肥450kg，600kg，750kg，900kg作基肥，观察、测定木薯茎叶生长、块根产量、淀粉含量，分析土壤容重、土壤孔隙度、土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾含量、土壤微生物、土壤脲酶、土壤转化酶活性等。结果表明，木薯施用生物有机肥不仅能提高块根产量和淀粉含量，而且能降低木薯地土壤容重，提高土壤孔隙度，增加土壤通气性，提高土壤有机质和氮、磷、钾含量，增加土壤有益微生物，提高土壤脲酶、土壤转化酶的活性，有效促进土壤养分转化，增加土壤有效养分含量，提高土壤养分利用率。施用生物有机肥是提高木薯产量和淀粉含量，改善木薯地土壤理化性状，提高木薯地土壤肥力的有效途径。

Bio-organic fertilizer is a new type of fertilizer which has advantage of both of organic manure and fertilizer. This study investigated the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on the cassava growth and yield and the soil fertility. The study was carried out in 2004-2005 and the cassava cultivar FUXUAN01 was used as materials. The bio-organic fertilizers were applied as basic fertilizers on four different levels of 450 kg/hm^2 ,600 kg/hm^2 ,750 kg/hm^2 ,900 kg/hm^2 in this experiment . The growth of stem and leaf , the yield and the starch content of tuber root of cassava and the unit weight, the hole percent, the content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the urease and the invertase activity of soil were analysed during the experiment. The result showed that not only can the bio-organic fertilizer promote the stems and leaves of cassava growth, increase the chlorophyll content and the photosynthesis of leaves, improve the physiological metabolism of cassava, and strengthen physiological function of anti-senility, promote the photosynthetic organism to transfer to the tuber root and increase the yield and starch content in the tuber root of cassava but also decrease the soil unit weight, increase the holes percent of soil , promote microbe activity in the soil, increase the urease and the invertase activity of soil, promote the availability of nutrients, increase content of organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and increase the ratio of utilization of fertiliz- er. It was effective way to apply the bio-organic fertilizer to cassava for increasing the yield and starch content in the tuber root, improving the soil physical and chemical character and increasing the soil fertility.