不同施氮量对红富士苹果品质、光合作用和叶片元素含量的影响

Influences of Different Rates of Nitrogen on Fruit Quality,Photosynthesis and Element Contents in Leaves of Red Fuji Apples

研究了不同氮肥施用量对红富士苹果产量、品质、叶片光合特性和矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明，不同水平施肥处理均能提高叶片光合速率和叶绿素含量；随着氮素水平的提高，硝酸还原酶活性略呈上升趋势，与对照相比，随施氮量的增加叶片中N、Mg、Fe、Mn元素的含量相应增加，K、P、Ca、Cu元素含量先增加后减少，Zn没有明显变化；随施氮量的增加果实产量显著提高，最高是对照的227％，但果实着色面积、硬度、可溶性固形物含量减少；提出试验条件下生产优质苹果的最佳施氮量为20-30kg／667m^2。

The influences of different rates of soil-applied nitrogen on yield, fruit quality, leaf photosynthesis, and leaf mineral concentration of Red Fuji apples was conducted in two years. Results showed that fertilizer application at different nitrogen rates improved leaf photosynthesis rate and content of chlorophyll. As nitrogen level increased nitrate reductase activity enhanced lightly, The contents of N, Mg, Fe, Mn were increased with the increase of nitrogen application compared with control, meanwhile, the contents of K, P, Ca, Cu were increased primarily and then decreased, the content of Zn has no obvious change. The yield were remarkably increased with the increase of nitrogen application, the peak is 227% compare with control, but the surface blush , firmness, the contents of soluble solids were decreased. The best nitrogen application rate was found at 20-30 kg/667 m^2 for producing high quality apple.