美国《不让一个儿童掉队法案》的实施困境及其原因探析

A Probe into the Implementation Puzzledom of No Child Left Behind Act and Its Reason

为了实现教育的公正和平等,提高中小学学生的读写算能力,美国颁布了《不让一个儿童掉队法案》。该法案的实施在一定程度上使美国的教育质量有所好转,这是值得肯定的。但法案在推行的过程中也面临教师工作积极性低下、学生身心疲惫、学校进退两难、政府无力扶持等许多困难。基于《不让一个儿童掉队法案》的制定背景及实施情况的研究,从中可以分析出一些原因,法案本身缺乏科学性、民主性是其内在原因,学校、家庭、社会等方面的问题作为外在原因也在一定程度上阻碍了法案的顺利推广。

The government of America decrees the No Child Left Behind Act in order to realize the equity and improve the students＇ ability on reading,writing and calculating. It is worthy pointing out that the quality of education in America has been promoted on some degree because of the implementation of the Act. At present, this act has to face many difficulties. Under No Child Left Behind Act, teachers are lack of zeal to work and students are tired both in spirit and body. Schools are in quandary,and governments are unwilling to support it. Through the analysis about the background and the current situation,we can get some reasons which cause the difficult situation. The internal reason is that the Act is lack of scientific system and democratic feature, and the external reason is that the factors which come from school, family and society also affect the smooth implementation of No Child Left Behind Act.