初夏施肥对渭北旱塬红富士苹果生长、产量及品质的影响

The effects of fertilizer application at early summer on growth,yield and quality of Fuji apple in Weibei Highland

夏环状深沟施肥分析研究低氮高磷钾(N∶P∶K=1∶2∶2)施肥对盛果期红富士苹果生长、产量和品质的影响,旨在为渭北旱塬红富士果园采用初夏施肥技术提供理论依据。处理1为对照,处理2(N,P,K=0.25,0.5,0.5 kg/株)、处理3(N,P,K=0.5,1.0,1.0 kg/株)、处理4(N,P,K=0.75,1.5,1.5 kg/株)和处理5(N,P,K=1.0,2.0,2.0 kg/株)为不同低氮高磷钾施肥配比。结果显示:各水平的施肥处理均能显著提高叶片质量,促进新梢生长,提高树体光合速率,其中处理3、4和5的光合速率分别比对照提高11.84%、14.69%和11.75%;同时各施肥水平处理也能明显提高单株产量,其中处理3和处理4与对照相比均有显著性差异,且处理3的株产达到39.72kg,已达到丰产的要求;品质方面,与对照相比各施肥处理均能明显提高单果重,果实硬度、可溶性糖浓度和可滴定酸浓度也有不同程度提高。综合分析,采用处理3和处理4的初夏追肥模式效果最好。

The method of annularity deep-ditch fertilizing was used at early summer to determine the effects of applying fertilizer containing low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus and high-potassium（N ： P： K = 1 ： 2 ： 2） on growth, yield and quality of Fuji apple in full-fruit period. The purpose of the trial was to make theory basis for fertiliza- tion at early summer in Fuji apple orchard in Weibei Highland. Treatment 1 was the CK with no fertilizer and other treatments were treatment 2 （N, P, K = 0.25,0.5,0.5 kg/plant）, treatment 3 （N, P, K = 0.5,1.0,1.0 kg/plant）, treatment 4 （N, P, K = 0.75, 1.5,1.5 kg/plant） and treatment 5 （N, P, K = 1.0,2.0,2.0 kg/plant）. The results showed that fertilizer application at different rates（amounts） improved obviously leaf quality, hastened stem growth and enhanced net photosynthetic rate. Especially the Pn in treatment 3, 4 and 5 were increased by 11.84 % ,14.69 % and 11.75 % compared to the CK respectively. By the same token, different treatments can improve the production of individuals obviously, and treatments 3 （4 with significant differences compared to the CK, especially treatment 3 achieved the fertility purpose with 39.72 kg of individual plant. At the quality aspect, each treatment can improve the weight of single fruit and the rigidity significantly, soluble sugar content and titratable acidity were also improved at different magnitudes. To conclusion, we proposed that treatment 3 and treatment 4 as the moderate model of fertilizer application should be used in Fuji apple orchard in Weibei Highland at early summer.