我国出生人口性别比失调的成因及对策

Causes of China's Imbalance Sex Ratio at Birth and Its Countermeasure

我国自80年代初开始,人口出生性别比例持续升高,由此造成了严重的社会问题:带来了"婚姻挤压"问题;加大了女性就业压力;加大了社会养老的压力;对家庭和社会的稳定造成冲击。造成性别比失衡的原因,除了经济社会发展水平和重男轻女观念的影响外,还有医疗条件的改善及先进医疗手段在胎儿性别鉴定上的应用和计划生育监管工作的缺欠。鉴于此,应采取的对策与举措为:大力发展经济,为生育观念的转变和生育率的下降创造前提条件;引导人们树立积极正确的生育观念;进一步完善相关立法并加强执法力度,从外在条件上遏止性别比例失调;进一步建立健全养老保障体系,解决后顾之忧;不断提高基层计生工作人员的素质;加强各部门之间的协调,进行综合治理。如此,才能切实解决出生人口性别比例失调问题。

Since the beginning of the 1980s, our country has been increasing unbalanced ratio in sex, which triggers many social issues： marriage squeeze, women＇s employment pressure, social care for old ages, and stability of family and society. Imbalanced sex ratio at birth results from less - perfect medical conditions, low application of advanced medical treatment to fetus sex identification, etc. , besides backward development of economy and society as well as stereotype of regarding sons as better than daughters. In view of such situations, the author puts forwards the following measures ： striving for developing economy to provide pre - conditions for changing birth concept and lowering birth rate; guiding people to form a positive and correct view to- ward birth; improving related legislation and enforcement; establishing a sound pension and care system for senior citizens to relieve their potential trouble ; enhancing the qualities of grass - root personnel ; and strengthening cooperation between departments and managing them in a whole view. These measures will be contributed to solving the imbalance sex ratio at birth.