武术少年运动员下肢快速力量的测试评价及训练方法的探讨

Discussion on Fast Strength of Low Limb and Training Method of Wushu Junior Athlete

研究目的:针对武术的专项特点,在评定武术少年运动员下肢快速力量的基础上,探索既能提高专项技能又能预防损伤的专项体能训练方法。研究方法:采用三维测力台和多功能踏跳器,测力台测量不同反跳的F-t曲线。进行下肢爆发力、反应力量及下肢本体感觉能力的测量。研究结果:测试结果表明:女性少年武术运动员的反应时为0.149±5.49E- 02,男性为0.413±3.38E-02,从测试数据上看,女性快于男性,但未表现出统计学上差异性。受试者反跳到最大用力的时间与蹬伸总时间的比,作为本体感觉指数,女性少年运动员为0.407±0.162,男性少年运动员为0.505±0.171,性别指数相一致,表明少年武术运动员的本体感觉及其本体感觉反应能力方面不存在性别方面差异。测得足踝刚度指数女性青少年运动员为9.347±0.674、男性少年运动员为13.33±11.24,在性别方面的统计差异在0.05的水平上有显著意义。结论:武术运动员进行专项训练技术训练的同时要注重快速力量训练和本体感觉训练结合。建议:在发展核心力量的基础上,进行快速力量训练:设计一些与武术专项技术动作用力方向、用力技术特点相近的练习手段。增加本体感觉训练,通过影响人体感觉关节位置、运动及平衡的能力的本体感觉和平衡训练,提高维持静态和动态稳定性的能力,改善"空间感觉"和动作的空间准确性。

Based on the specific character of wushu and evaluation on fast strength of low limb of junior wushu athlete, this paper explores the scientific training method of improving both specific skill and injury prevention. Through using the method of three-dimensional dynamic analysis, the fast strength of lower limb was evaluated. The result shows that the reaction time of female athletes is 0. 149±5.49E-02 ,while the reaction time of male athletes is 0. 413±3. 38E-02. For reaction time, female athlete is faster than male athlete, but no statistical difference. The proportion of duration of maximal force with total time of stride is 0. 407±0. 162 for female athlete,0. 505±0. 171 for male athlete. It shows that there has no gender difference on proprioception and proprioceptive ability. The rigid index of ankle is 9. 347±0. 674 for female athlete, 13.33±11.24 for male athlete. It suggests that when doing specific technical training, the fast strength training should be pay attention to. Based on developing core strength, some specific skills that same to force direction and character of wushu should be designed.