什么影响了居民的社会信任水平？--来自广东省的经验证据

What Affects People's Social Trust? Evidence from Guangdong Province

采用2004年广东省城市居民调查数据,本文发现,个人因素、社区因素、社会因素都显著影响了居民自身的社会信任水平。年龄越大、单身、有除工作外的其它收入来源、有宗教信仰、担任管理人员、职业变动越少、越乐观、对生活或工作的满意度越高的居民的社会信任水平越高。其次,日常所讲语言不是其所在城市最通行语言、在出现经济困难时得到过街坊邻居、居委会或街道办的帮助、在本市居住的时间越长、在18岁之前就居住在本市、出生地在本省的居民的社会信任水平越高。第三,对政府、媒体、消费者协会的评价越高以及对工会组织评价越低的居民的社会信任水平越高。此外,居民的各种信任分布呈现出"差序格局"的特征。我们的研究为建设诚信社会提供了一个系统的信任发展视角:社会信任水平的提高,不仅需要个体自身的努力,更需要稳定和谐的社区建设、政府治理的改善、媒体作用的发挥以及消费者协会等中介组织的成长。

What affects people＇s social trust？ Utilizing a unique urban household survey data in Guangdong Province in 2004, we find personal, community, and social factors all contribute to the social trust. Firstly, people with higher ages, no marriage, other income sources except job, religion beliefs, less job turnovers, more optimism, higher life or job satisfaction, or on an administration position have more social trust. Secondly, people whose daily spoken language is not the dominant one in the city, who got help from neighbors or the community resident committee in case of financial difficulty, or who started to live in the current city before 18, and people with a longer living time in the current city, or the birth place within the sample province have more social trust. Third, people with better evaluation of governments, media, and consumer associations, or worse evaluation of trade unions have more social trust. Moreover, the paper also supports the ＂the pattern of difference sequence＂ of the distribution of various trust measures. Current study provides a systematic social trust development view for the formation of a harmonious society in China. To improve people＇s social trust, it is not only their own effort needed, but also stable and harmonious communities, better government quality, media monitoring, and development of intermediate organizations such as consumer associations are also required.