我国残疾人就业及其影响因素分析

Employment of the Disabled and Its Determinants in China

对第二次全国残疾人抽样调查数据进行的分析表明,目前我国残疾人与非残疾人之间的就业率存在明显差距。在已实现就业的残疾人内部,城乡、地区、性别、不同残疾类型之间也存在着较大的就业差异。残疾人的身体状况、受教育水平、社会保障状况、地区经济发展水平是影响其就业的主要原因。影响残疾人就业地区差异的因素主要包括经济状况、产业结构和社会保障等。残疾人在能够获得足够多的非劳动收入时,倾向于不就业;残疾人就业率与第一、三产业的比重呈正相关关系,与第二产业的比重负相关;各地区残疾人中文盲、未接受过服务或扶助的人口所占比例越高,就业率就越高。为促进我国残疾人就业,应加强残疾人的康复工作,提高残疾人受教育水平,从而实现残疾人就业由岗位提供向能力提升转变,鼓励残疾人积极创业以带动就业等。

Using the data from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability, this essay analyzes the present employment situation of the disabled in China. Four factors including health condition and educational level of the disabled, social security status and regional economic development are the main factors determining the employment. With the method of principal component analysis, the paper discusses the factors which influence regional employment disparity of the disabled covering economic situation, industrial structure and social security. Finally, some policy recommendation are proposed to promote the employment of the disabled in China, such as strengthening rehabilitation programs, improving their educational levels and encouraging the disabled to start their own business to realize more employment.