高住高练低训对优秀女子跆拳道运动员红细胞膜及有氧能力的影响

Effects of HiHiLo on Erythrocyte Membrane and Aerobic Exercise Capacity in Elite Female Kickboxing Athletes

目的:探讨高住高练低训(HiHiLo)对运动员红细胞膜和有氧能力的影响。方法:13名女子跆拳道运动员分为实验组(8名)和对照组(5名),进行4周实验。实验组每晚在低氧房(氧浓度14.7%,模拟海拔2800m高原环境)居住10小时,每周在低氧房进行3次72%最大摄氧量蹬功率自行车练习,每次30分钟;对照组平原居住,每周在平原环境进行3次80%最大摄氧量蹬功率自行车练习,每次30分钟。两组平时的专项训练由同一教练、按同一训练计划、于同一道馆进行。分别于实验前、入住10小时、实验1周、2周、3周、4周测试两组受试者血液红细胞变形指数、红细胞膜流动性、膜band-3蛋白含量以及个体无氧阈(ILT)。结果:实验组在实验3周时band-3蛋白含量显著高于实验前(P<0.05);4周时,实验组band-3蛋白含量显著高于实验前(P<0.01)和对照组(P<0.05);实验组4周时的ILT显著高于实验前(P<0.05)和对照组(P<0.01)。结论:HiHiLo可提高红细胞膜band-3蛋白含量,有利于红细胞发挥正常生理功能;HiHiLo可提高机体有氧运动能力。

Objective To investigate the effects of living at high altitude- exercise at high altitudetraining at low altitude （HiHiLo） on erythrocyte membrane and aerobic exercise capacity in elite female kickboxing athletes. Methods Thirteen female kickboxing athletes were divided into two groups. HiHiLo group （n-8）, in which ath- letes were training at sea level and living in hypoxic chamber with 14.7% of O2 （simulated altitude of 2,800 m） for 28 days, 10h/day, and control group （n-5）, in which athletes were training and living at sea level. HiHiLo group underwent cycle ergometer training with intensity of 72 % VO2 max in hypoxic chamber （30min/each time, 3 times/week）, while control group performed exercise on the cycle ergometer with intensity of 80% VO2 max at sea level. Changes in membrane fluidity, band-3 albumen and individual lactate threshold （ILT） of the subjects were detected before experiment, 10 hours after exposure in hypoxia, and on the week 1, week 2, week 3, and week 4 during HiHiLo. Results Band-3 protein content increased significantly on the week 3 （P〈0.05）, and the week 4 （P〈0.01）, as compared with that before the experiment in HiHiLo group. Meanwhile, band-3 protein content and ILT increased significantly in HiHiLo group as compared with that in control group on week 4 （P〈0.05）. Conclusion It was implied that there is a probability of erythroeyte membrane stability and an increase in aerobic exercise capacity in kickboxing athletes after HiHiLo.