农作物种子发芽时贮藏物质动员的红外光谱研究

Infrared Spectroscopic Study on Storage Substance Mobilization of Crop Seeds in Germination

研究种子萌发时贮藏物质动员的一般方法是化学方法,操作烦琐耗时。作者利用傅里叶变换红外光谱对豆类(大豆、蚕豆、豌豆)及禾谷类(稻谷、小麦、大麦)农作物种子发芽时贮藏物质动员情况进行了研究。结果表明,豆类种子发芽前后在1200～1000cm-1范围的光谱变化显著,表明在发芽过程中糖类物质消耗较多;禾谷类种子发芽前后蛋白质酰胺带的强度明显下降,说明发芽过程中贮藏蛋白质被利用了;另外,禾谷类种子发芽后脂类特征峰强度也下降,说明发芽过程中贮藏脂类也被动用了。红外光谱法在种子学研究方面具有快速、方便、不需对样品进行分离提取等特点。

The traditional method to study the storage substance mobilization of seeds during the process of germination is chemical extraction, which is troublesome and time consuming. In the present paper, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the storage substance mobilization of legume and cereal seeds in germination. The spectral results show that legume seeds （soybean, pea and broad bean） exhibit similar remarkable changes in the region from 1 000 to 1 200 cm-1 in germination, which suggest that the storage carbohydrates in endosperm of legume seeds are mobilized during the process of germination. Notable changes were observed on amide bands of protein and lipid band in the spectra of germinating cereal seeds （rice, wheat and barley）, indicating that storage proteins and lipids in cotyledon were utilized during the process of cereal seed germination. The results suggest that vibrational spectroscopy has the advantages of rapidress and convenience in the study of crop seeds and seed physiology.