从《咏怀诗》中的意象看阮籍的生死意识

On Ruanji's Consciousness of Life and Death from the Images in his Poems Expressing Ambitions and Feelings

阮籍《咏怀诗》中有一些独特的意象反复出现,如"白日西颓"、"秋"、"坟墓"以及神仙意象等。诗人通过这些意象,凸现出对生死问题的强烈关注——由对万物的生命活动以及神仙世界中体验到个体生命的最终悲剧性结局,进而怀疑一切生存行为的价值,绝望之后"虚妄"感油然而生。阮籍是在时间的维度上以死观生,承受着"虚空"的重压,可以说,阮籍的深刻、苦闷、焦虑都源于此。阮籍《咏怀诗》中对生死问题的体认超越了同时代的人,表现为一种悲天悯人的天地精神。这是一种关怀终极生命的人类精神,它可以穿越时间的隧道延展到当代,给予我们以对待生命的启示。

Such peculiar images as ＂the sunset in broad daytime＂, ＂autumn＂ , ＂grave＂ and ＂fairy＂ have appeared in the poems expressing ambitions and feelings written by Ruanji （210 -263 ）, a litterateur and thinker during the period of Three Kingdoms. These images reflect the poet＇s strong concern of life and death. By describing the life activities of all creatures on the earth and that of the fairies in the heaven, the poet had seen through and experienced the individuals tragedy destiny and thus, he doubted the value of everything exists, with an ＂absurd＂ feeling after the despair arising spontaneously from the bottom of heart. Then Ruan Ji had to bear the heavy pressure of the ＂unreal＂. The profundity, the pang, the anxiety all came from such a pressure. The poet＇s thinking on life and death is a kind of feeling for universal compassion which overstepped others in his time. The author of the article thinks that it is a human spirit concerning for the ultimate of life, which can come across the history tunnel to come to the contemporary, giving us some apocalypse to treat life properly.