煤矿员工的“知-能-行”不安全行为模式研究

Study on the KAA Unsafe Behavior Mode of Coalmine Employees

从认知心理学视角,分析煤矿员工不安全行为的决策心理过程,构建煤矿员工不安全行为"知-能-行"模式模型,归纳该模式下煤矿员工不安全行为致因因素,为煤矿员工不安全行为管理工作提供了重要理论参考。研究表明:煤矿管理者的不尽职行为是一种重要的不安全行为,并成为导致我国煤矿事故频发的根本原因;安全管理规定和行为规范、员工的记忆状态、理解能力、行为认知能力、价值观及价值判断、行动能力均是影响煤矿员工作出不安全行为的重要心理因素;预防和控制煤矿员工不安全行为应从煤矿员工的外在规定性、"知"、"能"、"行"4个方面入手;对煤矿管理者和工人的不安全行为管理应具有差异性。

From cognitive psychology, the mental decision-making process of coalmine employees＇unsafe behavior is analyzed, and the coalmine employee＇s KAA （knowledge, ability and action）unsafe behavior mode is constructed, which summarizes the factors causing the unsafe behaviors of coalmine employees and provides the managers with theoretical reference to manage the unsafe behavior of coalmine employees as well. The research shows that coalmine managers＇undutiful behavior is an important unsafe behavior and is the fundamental accident-causing factor; Safety management regulation, behavior criterion, employee＇s memory state, comprehension capacity, cognitive capacity of behavior, sense of value, value judgment and action capacity are the important mental factors affecting the unsafe behaviors of coalmine employees. External regulation, knowledge, ability and action are four foundational avenues to prevent and control the coalmine employee＇s unsafe behaviors. Besides, a difference should be made between the management of coalmine managers＇behavior and that of the coal workers＇behavior.